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Abstract
The bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the skin, known as the gut-skin axis, has garnered increasing attention as a novel paradigm in dermatology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research elucidating the role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of dermatological conditions, including acne, eczema, and psoriasis. PubMed and Scholar Google data bases were used to search for the terms "gut microbiome and skin," “gut microbiome and skin barrier,” "skin barrier," "skin microbiome," "gut microbiome and immune response," “skin microbiome and immune defense,” “systemic inflammation and skin health,” and “skin inflammation microbiome.” A total of 45 articles were screened for this review. Current evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbial composition and dysregulated immune responses contribute to systemic inflammation and skin barrier dysfunction. Moreover, microbial metabolites and immune mediators produced in the gut can influence skin homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Future research directions include investigating microbial-based interventions, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, for modulating the gut microbiota and improving dermatological outcomes. Furthermore, integrated multi-omics approaches and advanced computational modeling hold promise for unraveling complex interactions within the gut-skin axis and identifying potential therapeutic targets for personalized dermatological care.